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Tenses in English

What are English Tenses

Grammar tenses refer to the state of the verb. The state, or tense, of the verb explains the time of the action.

There are three major tenses in English. These include past, present, and future. Each of these tenses can explain an event that occurred in the past, an event that occurs in the present, or an event that will occur in the future.

Take a look at the full explanations and examples in the table below.

Tenses In English

Tense Afirmative / Negative / Question Use Single words
Simple Present
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak.
  • action in the present taking place regularly, never or several times.
  • Facts
  • actions taking place one after the other
  • action set by time table or schedule
always, every, never, normally, often,seldom, sometimes, usually, if sentences type I (If I talk.....)
Present Progressive
A: He is speaking.
N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
  • action taking place in the moment of speaking
  • action taking place only for a limited period of time
  • action arranged for the future
at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Past Simple
A: He spoke
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
  • action in the past taking place once, never or several times
  • actions taking place one after another
  • action taking place in the middle of another action
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive
A: He was spoeaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
  • action going on at a certain time in the past
  • actions taking place at the same time
  • action in the past that is interrupted by another action
while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has has he spoken
  • putting emphasis on the result
  • action that is still going on
  • action that stopped recently
  • finished action that has an influence on the present
  • action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Proggressive
A: He has been speaking
N: He has not been speaking.
Q:Has he been speaking.
  • putting emphasis on the course or duration(not the result)
  • action that recently stopped or is still going on
  • finished action that influenced the present
all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple.
A:He had spoken.
N:He had not spoken
Q:Had he spoken. 
  • action taking place before a certain time in the past
  • sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
  • putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)
already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive.
A: He had been spoken.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking.
  • action taking place before a certain time in the past
  • sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
  • putting emphasis on the duration or courseof an action
for, since, the whole day, all day
Future 1 Simple.
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak. 
Q: Will he speak?
  • action in the future that cannot be influenced
  • spontaneous decision
  • assumption with regard to the future
in a year, next …, tomorrow
If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.)
assumption: I think, probably, perhaps
Future 1 Simple 
(going to)
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
  • decision made for the future
  • conclusion with regard to the future
in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future 1 Progressive.
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
  • action that is going on at a certain time in the future
  • action that is sure to happen in the near future
in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future 2 Simple.
A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken.
  • action that will be finished at a certain time in the future
by Monday, in a week
Future 2 Progressive.
A: He will have been speaking.
N: He will not have been speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking.
  • action taking place before a certain time in the future
  • putting emphasis on the course of an action
for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional 1 simple.
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
  • action that might take place
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional 1 Progressive.
A: He would be speaking.
N: He would not be speaking.
Q: Would he be speaking?
  • action that might take place
  • putting emphasis on the  course / durationof the action
Conditional 2 Simple.
A: He would have spoken.
N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
  • action that might have taken place in the past
if sentences type III
(If I had seen that, I would have helped.)
Conditional 2 Progressive.
A: He would have been speaking.
N: He would not have been speaking.
Q: Would he have been speaking?
  • action that might have taken place in the past
  • puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

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