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What is a Phrasal Verb?
A phrasal verb is a type of compound verb made up of a verb (usually one of action or movement) and a prepositional adverb—also known as an adverbial particle. Phrasal verbs are sometimes called two-part verbs (e.g., take off and leave out) or three-part verbs (e.g., look up to and look down on).
There are hundreds of phrasal verbs in English, many of them (such as tear off, run out [of], and pull through) with multiple meanings. Indeed, as linguist Angela Downing points out, phrasal verbs are “one of the most distinctive features of present-day informal English, both in their abundance and in their productivity” . Phrasal verbs often appear in idioms.
According to Logan Pearsall Smith in Words and Idioms (1925), the term phrasal verb was introduced by Henry Bradley, senior editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
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English Phrasal Verbs Why!
English Phrasal verbs are multiword combinations of Verb + Adverb, Verb + Preposition, or Verb + Adverb AND Preposition that function like one-word verbs. They can be transitive or intransitive. One of the most important and challenging characteristics of phrasal verbs is that the meaning of the combination is often quite different from the meaning of the original verb by itself.
For example, English phrasal verbs hang out, which means “to stay somewhere for a while without doing much,” has a completely different meaning from the verb hang. Likewise, the phrasal verb pass out, which means “to fall asleep or become unconscious,” has a very different meaning from the verb pass. Finally, the phrasal verb put up with, which means “to tolerate,” has little connection to the meaning of put. The sentences below illustrate these differences.
Phrasal Verbs hang out vs. hang
- The kids in the neighborhood hang out at the corner store.
- He is going to hang the mirror on the wall.
Phrasal Verbs pass out vs. pass
- They both passed out in front of the TV.
- Stand here and don’t let anyone pass.
English Phrasal Verbs put up with vs. put
- At this school, we will not put up with bad behavior.
- Put the car in the garage.
Multiple meanings
Another challenging thing about phrasal verbs is that they often have more than one meaning. The phrasal verb pass out, for example, can mean to fall asleep, as mentioned above, but it can also mean to distribute, as in this sentence:
- The teacher hasn’t finished passing out the tests yet.
Why English Phrasal Verbs are important
English Phrasal verbs are important because they are extremely common in informal English, and unless you are familiar with their meanings, understanding informal language will be difficult. In addition, learning to use phrasal verbs correctly will help you sound natural in casual conversation.
One last tip about phrasal verbs:
When you are writing for a formal audience, keep in mind that phrasal verbs sound informal. Instead of writing something like, “The patient had her tonsils taken out when she was ten years old,” you may want to write “The patient had her tonsils removed when she was ten years old.” It will sound more appropriate.
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